Content to Review: Study principles of human movement, joint mechanics, muscle function, body posture, gait, and biomechanics. Review force, leverage, joint loading, functional movements, and ergonomic principles relevant to physical therapy.

Preparation Focus: Understand how muscles and joints produce movement, recognize abnormal movement patterns, identify biomechanical risk factors, and apply basic ergonomic concepts to safe movement, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.

Content to Review: Review human anatomy and physiology, including the musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Study bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, peripheral nerves, muscle contraction, and normal physiological responses to activity.

Preparation Focus: Recognize major anatomical structures, understand their functions, relate anatomy to movement and physical limitations, and interpret basic physiological responses during exercise, injury, and recovery.

Content to Review: Study patient history, physical examination, clinical assessment, functional evaluation, and basic clinical reasoning. Review common musculoskeletal and neurological symptoms, screening procedures, warning signs, and circumstances requiring medical referral.

Preparation Focus: Recognize important clinical findings, understand assessment procedures, differentiate common presentations, identify possible contraindications to treatment, and recognize conditions requiring further evaluation by an appropriate clinician.

Content to Review: Review therapeutic physical agents, including electrical stimulation, TENS, therapeutic ultrasound, heat and cold applications, and hydrotherapy. Study the basic physiological effects, common applications, precautions, contraindications, and equipment safety considerations.

Preparation Focus: Recognize commonly used electrotherapy and hydrotherapy techniques, understand their general therapeutic purposes, identify treatment precautions, and review safe equipment preparation and patient monitoring.

Content to Review: Study therapeutic exercise principles, stretching, strengthening, range-of-motion exercises, balance training, coordination exercises, and functional mobility activities. Review exercise progression, postural correction, and basic rehabilitation techniques.

Preparation Focus: Understand the purposes of different therapeutic exercises, recognize suitable precautions, review correct exercise techniques, and understand how exercise supports flexibility, strength, balance, mobility, and functional recovery.

Content to Review: Review physical therapy considerations for pregnant and postpartum patients, children, and older adults. Study pediatric developmental conditions, pregnancy-related musculoskeletal problems, age-related mobility limitations, balance difficulties, and fall prevention.

Preparation Focus: Recognize rehabilitation needs in different age groups, understand population-specific precautions, identify appropriate exercise considerations, and review safe assistance and rehabilitation approaches under professional supervision.

Content to Review: Review cardiovascular and respiratory physiology, breathing exercises, airway clearance techniques, exercise tolerance, and rehabilitation considerations for cardiopulmonary disorders. Study vital signs, oxygenation, activity tolerance, and patient monitoring principles.

Preparation Focus: Recognize signs of respiratory distress or exercise intolerance, understand basic cardiopulmonary assessment findings, review breathing exercises, and identify situations requiring activity modification or urgent medical attention.

Content to Review: Study common sports injuries, including muscle strains, ligament sprains, tendon disorders, joint instability, and overuse injuries. Review sports rehabilitation, injury prevention, exercise progression, and functional recovery.

Preparation Focus: Recognize common injury presentations, understand rehabilitation phases, review safe strengthening and mobility activities, and identify precautions during recovery and return-to-activity programs.

Content to Review: Review rehabilitation concepts for stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson disease, and other neurological conditions. Study balance, coordination, gait abnormalities, muscle tone, functional mobility, and basic neurological rehabilitation approaches.

Preparation Focus: Recognize neurological movement limitations, understand basic mobility and balance assistance, review safe gait training principles, and identify precautions during rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders.

Content to Review: Study rehabilitation approaches for fractures, joint disorders, muscle and soft tissue injuries, spinal conditions, and postoperative musculoskeletal limitations. Review range of motion, strengthening, mobility, posture, pain management, and functional exercises.

Preparation Focus: Recognize common musculoskeletal limitations, understand safe exercise and mobility techniques, identify rehabilitation precautions, and review basic approaches to supporting movement, strength, flexibility, and functional independence.